Never tried a Microtech (no auto’s in Canada) or Fantoni. Having had a large assortment of M390 and cognates from different companies, I can say they all perform similarly enough to be impossible to tell apart. It also means that the overall carbide content isn’t raised relative to K190 so that toughness is not reduced. The vanadium does increase the hardness of the chromium carbides, however. Dr.-Ing. CPM-20CV is Crucible’s version of Bohler’s popular M390 steel which also influenced Carpenter to copycat with CTS-204P. Tungsten and molybdenum have similar effects in steel which is why they are somewhat interchangeable in high speed steels. With significant amounts of Chromium, Molybdenum, Vanadium, and Tungsten, these steels are 100% ready … How Good Is Cpm 20cv Knife Steel Up. M390: (C 1.9%, Cr 20.0, W 0.60, Mo 1.0, V 4.0, Si 0.2, Mn 0.3) Un des aciers inox les plus performants: sa composition lui permettant, en plus d'être vraiment inoxydable, de proposer une tenue de coupe exceptionelle avec une résilience acceptable pour ce type d'acier. [4] Kulmburg, A., J. Stamberger, and H. Lenger. They began producing a copy of M390 called Duratech 20CV, and this steel started to be used by major USA knife companies. Not all items sold are eligible to earn CT Money or to be redeemed for. [1] Giles, David J. Why a CPM -20CV Knife Blade Is an Excellent Choice. By 2010 [14] M390 was becoming more common in production knives and its popularity (along with 20CV and 204P) has steadily grown since. It's comparable to Bohler's M390 stainless steel or Carpenter's CTS-204P and, like those alloys, takes a mirrored finish well. I previously wrote about the performance differences (or lack thereof) between the three versions in this article. 102, pp. Latrobe does not have their own powder metallurgy manufacturing facilities so presumably this means that Crucible was producing 20CV for Latrobe before the purchase of Latrobe by Carpenter. However, there are a couple things to keep in mind: 1) High carbide steels have smaller increases in toughness with lower hardness. Carpenter steel introduced their copy of M390 as “Micromelt 20-4” in 2009 [10][11] and was renamed as “CTS-204P” by the beginning of 2010 [12]. The heat treating window for M390 is not particularly small. In the early 1980s, Bohler steel introduced K190 steel which is a powder metallurgy version of D7 [3]. This is true when using aluminum oxide abrasives, anyway. The s35vn, and M390 hold an edge forever, but are not the easiest knives to sharpen. Latrobe at the time was owned by Timken, and 20CV steel began to appear on the Timken website in 2005 [7], and advertised in Blade magazine around the same time [8]. As has been described in the history section, M390 as a steel design has been successful enough that it has been copied by at least two other companies, and has become popular in many knives. Source: Knife Steel Nerds. cts 204p vs m390. The M390 knife steel is identical to the CPM 20CV or the CTS-204P in comparison of hardness(62HRC). 420HC; 8Cr13MoV; 13C26N; 440C; 14C28N; Whilst this list is nowhere near exhaustive, it really does bring home how much variety there … Thank you for your article and nicely done work with your heat treat. The Latrobe data does not state the hardness values. Powder Metallurgy Knife … Vanax would also be expected to have superior corrosion resistance though M390 is likely better than Elmax. I have a knife that has been used on multiple Elk and recently (0ctober 2020) 8 antelope, including separating the pelvis and rib cages with no problems at all. And the steel has been modified for yet higher edge retention with the 7% vanadium M398, which I wrote about in this article. The m390 0562cf's are more expensive than the 204p version because they're more rare. It … You can also see that there is a peak in hardness when austenitizing at 2100°F, which drops when raising the temperature up to 2150°F, which means that excess retained austenite is in the steel, despite the use of cryo after quenching. … The Latrobe data shows all results relative to 440C, where 440C is set to 100, and every other result is divided by 440C to show how it does in comparison. Its ease in sharpening is also good with soft abrasives, at least relative to its level of wear resistance. Edge retention testing is continuing, we have now tested 18 different steels, and four of those steels with multiple heat treatments. In my corrosion resistance testing, M390 scored very well (I tested CTS-204P), better than S30V, S35VN, S90V, and SG2, and probably a bit better than S45VN. This means you don't have to sharpen your knife as often. This good edge retention has been confirmed in many tests, including CATRA results from Bohler-Uddeholm, Latrobe, and my own. Latrobe separated from Timken in 2006 [9] but continued to sell Duratech 20CV and it became popular with several major knife manufacturers. The Bohler-Uddeholm tests and mine were with steels at 61-62 Rc except for 440C which was 56-59 Rc. When sharpening with diamond or CBN stones there would be no benefit. “Ferrous alloys and abrasive-resistant articles made therefrom.” U.S. Patent 2,575,218, issued November 13, 1951. D7 was a modification of D4 with higher vanadium for the same reason. As such a knife made from M390 steel will retain its sharpness for a very long time. We now have over 200 supporters! Come to Patreon if you want updates on testing as it is completed. You can read more about the development of D3 and D2 in this article. Edge retention estimates based on the carbide content of M390 tend to predict a value closer to what we tested. Aug 21, 2017 - CTS 204P are the one kinds of best knife steel in knife industry.And the comprasion of cts 204p vs m390 steel.Deaits in which is the best supersteel. This version features a Tanto point blade in stonewash finished CTS-204P and Black aircraft grade aluminum handles with traction inserts. Cts 204p Steel Review Vs M390 Deaitls Parison. M390 Para2, CTS-XHP Para2, CTS-204P Para2, Gayle Bradley, Techno, Bob T Slipit, M390 Mule, Southard, Southfork, Air, Tuff, ZDP Caly 3.5. These were the highest wear resistance cold work tool steels for several years before the introduction of powder metallurgy steel production in the early 1970s which allowed the design of even higher vanadium steels like 10V. 31-42. This was somewhat puzzling behavior because I don’t know of anything about M390 in particular that would lead to higher than expected toughness for its given amount of carbide. Is the relatively low toughness of M390 at HRC 62 or so? Upon receipt of the notice, you may choose to reject the amendment and rescind these terms and conditions. I am selling this one for $50. According to some manufacturers and knife makers, the 20CV is the best of the three at holding an edge. M390 vs 20CV vs 204P – 3rd Generation Powder Metallurgy Technology? Indistinguishable from the same brand as a user for me, but different when you go from Spyderco to Hinderer to ZT. Granted I do not use the knife to baton wood….I have axes for that purpose. Will the toughness of it be higher? CPM 20CV is a … Sometimes the only failing on here from companies will be with their M390. Tungsten is not a very common element in stainless steels. There are only a few hundred of the m390 0562s out there. Your email address will not be published. The 801 is like a higher priced 9103 with a flipper tab, and extra blue annodized hardware and slightly better 14c28n steel vs the 12c27 in the land. the introduction of powder metallurgy steel production, lowers the “yield strength” relative to the hardness, can transform to brittle, untempered martensite, makes deburring in sharpening much more challenging, https://knifesteelnerds.com/2020/01/13/s35vn-steel-properties-and-how-to-heat-treat/, https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1OepNr_D4lqbdTFqdqWl1rmAd4bOzPzJe6J0iEWrdJGU/edit#gid=0. It saw limited use in some European custom knives, such as this knife by Dietmar Kressler made in 1999 [6]: Dietmar Kressler knife in M390 made in 1999 [6]. M390 was developed by Bohler in the late 1980s as a modification to K190, which in turn was a powder metallurgy version of D7 tool steel. Later there were other modifications of D3 such as D4 which had higher molybdenum for greater “hardenability” meaning it could be quenched more slowly and still achieve full hardness. Enter your email address to subscribe to this blog and receive notifications of new posts by email. Log in, What we’ve got here is a spyderco military sprint run in, Steel: CTS 204P, stonewashed & silk finish, Handle: Graphite front side, stonewashed titanium back, To the compare by cts 204p vs m390 now the described the cts 204p.The nearly four-inch blade is created of fine-grained. Below is a summary of my corrosion resistance test where a higher score means that it rusted less in a 1% saltwater test. The 204p stainless steel features extremely high wear and corrosion resistance. The earliest common high carbon-high chromium steel was approximately similar to D3 steel, which has higher carbon than the more common D2 which came a couple decades later, though both have about 12% Cr. It did not do quite as well as S110V or LC200N. Trans Tech Publications Ltd, 1992. Knife Steel Parison Charts The. The general lack of M390 in knives was presumably because Bohler was more focused on selling the steel to the plastics industry. However, it was not commonly used in knives until after the release of any of those products. To The Best Knife Steel Informer. For the plastics industry Bohler also wanted to have a high wear resistance powder metallurgy product which had high corrosion resistance (ie stainless). Hey Larrin, hope all’s well. hunterseeker5 Member Posts: 530 Joined: Wed Nov 03, 2010 10:23 pm Location: Usually somewhere on the east coast. Too common to be called "Hype". Latrobe suggested 20CV instead and SOG had better results with the manufacturability of 20CV, and contributed knives for CATRA testing by Latrobe. CTS-204P Bohler M390, CTS-204P, and CPM-20CV are all essentially the same steel and sport a near identical composition. Interest does not accrue during the period of the plan. Carpenter began producing CTS-204P, and all three versions have been steadily building in popularity with knives ever since. I asked SOG about how they ended up involved with 20CV and they told me that they had made Recondo and Auto Clip models with BG-42 which had very good performance but they were not happy with the manufacturability of the steel. It is not without precedent that tungsten would be contained in similar steels, as D6 has a tungsten addition. Performance Characteristics Of Selected Knife Steels. A7 was a modification of A2 with higher carbon and vanadium for wear resistance. In fact, M390 is sometimes known as “stainless K190” [5]. “The Heat Treatment of P/M Tool Steels.” In Materials Science Forum, vol. It seems that M390 is not a good steel for fixed blade. According to the datasheet, the recommended heat treatment without cryo results in about 58-59 Rc. Despite the relatively high chromium in K190, it is not stainless, you can read why in this article on D2 corrosion resistance. At the time of posting it’s about 30 within good HRC vs. about 65 that are below. Tungsten was very expensive and only available to mine in certain countries and so during war it could be difficult to obtain. Bohler reports that M390 has about 18% chromium carbide and 2.5% vanadium carbide [20], and in my metallography I found about 22% carbide. The high volume of chromium carbide means that M390 has a larger carbide structure than those steels, however. I’ll leave this post open for response to it’s implied sentiment of “what the heck, M390?”. While there are heat treating mistakes that could lead to values less than 60 Rc, it is probably a choice that resulted in the desired hardness. The relative edge retention I tested is also close to the values found in the dataset presented in this article which came from a major knife manufacturer. Alpha Knife Supply tells me that they had issues with the material from the HIP “can” used in the powder metallurgy process being left on the steel, which is a low carbon stainless steel. You can compare with many other steels in this article which contains all of my micrographs. You can read more about the interaction between different elements for carbide formation in this article on carbides.  Chromium carbides tend to be larger than vanadium carbides in power metallurgy steels which limits toughness, but they are easier to sharpen because they are softer than common sharpening abrasives like aluminum oxide. The patent application for M390 was submitted in 1989 [4]. M390 is so wear and tear resistant it also properly maintains the shape of the edge. That said, I like 204P because sales of it … It may be possible to somewhat increase toughness with lower hardness. 26cc 17" Straight-Shaft Grass Trimmer. Despite the Bohler and Latrobe numbers seeming to confirm a higher result I believe the Knife Steel Nerds number is more reliable (I know, I’m biased). Even with it being a non-stainless steel, M390, CPM-20V, and CTS-204P still don't perform as well. I don’t know why the Bohler and Latrobe values are higher, however. Just a great compromise of wear resistance, … Metallurgy and Testing of Knives and Steel. Cts 204p Steel Review Vs M390 Deaitls Parison. Notify me of follow-up comments by email. I have all 3 from the same brand (20cv and m390 PM2, 204p Military; and m390 and 20cv from Hinderer or ZT). Forum Neoczen Voir Le Sujet Tableau Paratif Aciers. I noticed that almost every time M390 or 20CV is on here, it seems to be lower than the 60HRC benchmark. This high carbide volume results from the high carbon and chromium in the steel, which puts its carbide content similar to steels like Maxamet, S90V, and 15V. CTS – 204P; M390; Above-Average Premium Steels. “Corrosion of stainless PM tool steels: Interpretation of current density potential curves in acid environments: Dedicated to Prof. em. Interesting, thanks for your time and feedback. M390 was one of the earliest powder metallurgy stainless tool steels, coming after S60V but before SG2, Elmax, S90V, ZDP-189, or S30V. Overall, the corrosion resistance of M390 is quite good. It did … Overall it’s a popular choice thanks to its high wear and corrosion resistance, it’s premium steel and because of that its a great pick for high end or limited-edition knives. The microstructure is relatively coarse for a powder metallurgy steel and it has a high volume of carbide, which means that the toughness of the steel is relatively low. The reduced carbon relative to K190 means that less chromium is necessary to achieve stainless levels of corrosion resistance. Cloné par Crucible sous le nom CPM- 20CV et par Carpenter sous la dénomination CTS-204p … Starting with the high carbon, 4% vanadium K190 as its basis means that M390 would have relatively high wear resistance. “Ferrous alloys and abrasive-resistant articles made therefrom.” U.S. Patent 2,575,219, issued November 13, 1951. Blade: Equipped with a … Therefore, even if a higher impact toughness value is measured I would not recommend heat treating the steel in that way. This premium "super steel" is used in many Benchmade knives and several Hinderer and Zero Tolerance … M390 has relatively high “chromium in solution” which is the primary factor that controls corrosion resistance apart from molybdenum and nitrogen. 21.08.2017 - CTS 204P are the one kinds of best knife steel in knife industry.And the comprasion of cts 204p vs m390 steel.Deaits in which is the best supersteel. Those CH3002, and 3507 are extremely high quality, and have stood the test of time. The toughness of the new specimens was significantly lower, and more in line with expectation based on the carbide content and relatively large carbides: So when plotting all of the steels for toughness together you can see that M390 has relatively low toughness. I understand that might be difficult to do in a large batch but even small runs, or from small niche companies, the samples collected seem to fail remarkably. As stated by Bohler, the design target for M390 was to have high wear resistance and corrosion resistance, though they stated that high toughness is not particularly necessary for plastics processing. You won’t see much wear at all from the thing even through some pretty rough use. Bohler promoted the improved toughness and machinability of K190 vs conventionally produced tool steels like D2 because of the powder metallurgy process which led to a refined carbide structure. I was recently looking at this, as I usually am but I was looking at it recently too: https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1OepNr_D4lqbdTFqdqWl1rmAd4bOzPzJe6J0iEWrdJGU/edit#gid=0. While M390 does have a higher overall value than Maxamet, the way I see it is that Maxamet has higher edge retention and wear resistance. The longevity of M390 is relatively impressive given how early it was in terms of a powder metallurgy stainless steel. As a Powder Metallurgy (PM) tool steel, you get a combination of impressive wear resistance and edge retention plus the added benefit of being highly corrosion resistant due to high levels of … Hey, at 20% chromium, it’s also really good at … CTS 204P is a premium stainless steel that offers high performance, and the closest equivalents I can think of would be the two following steels; M390 from @Bohler and the CPM 20CV from @Crucible, they are premium steels with close chemical composition and both contribute in making high-end knives (with a little … You can see the rest of the Knife Steel Nerds data which includes 48 different knife steels here. Stainless steels with a lower carbide content like S35VN, S45VN, or Vanax also have a finer microstructure. Excess retained austenite also makes deburring in sharpening much more challenging. They began surface grinding the material to avoid that issue. Like you said, m390 and 204p (and also 20CV) are basically … The previous specimens were heat treated at 2140°F, so we tested temperatures between 2000 and 2150°F: The chart shows that M390 is capable of rather high hardness, particularly for its level of corrosion resistance. So I don’t know why they added tungsten rather than increase the Mo content by 0.3%. I prefer a bit of a tougher steel myself but have a fascination with M390… that I’m willing to divorce myself from if it is nearly impossible for companies to work with. [5] Huth, S., H. Hill, and W. Theisen. [2] Giles, David J. The increase in use of M390 in knives did not come from Bohler, but from Latrobe steel in Pennsylvania, USA. Available Steels S35vn Vs … What if M390 is at HRC 60? 60 Rc is a nice round number but isn’t necessarily a benchmark or a sign of a superior heat treatment. I also have a chart which estimates corrosion resistance based on Cr, Mo, and N in solution using the results of my corrosion resistance testing which I have shown below. I disagree…about M390 not being a good steel fo a fixed blade….I have a number of Bradford Knives in M390 and have no issues. I had to sharpen my Bradford 3V knife with less use. CTS-204P(Carpenter) - Carpenter's equivalent of Bohler-Uddeholm M390 steel and Latrobe Duratech 20CV steel.Slightly more Tungsten(W) 0.65% instead of 0.60% in other two. In the Comparison on cts 204p vs m390 steel that M390 is first and foremost an awesome edge retention steel. Top. It is a bit puzzling why the tungsten was added to M390 when it was not present in the K190. Crucible began to sell the steel as CPM-20CV after Latrobe was purchased. It contains more Tungsten (0.65%) than its equivalent steels, which have a 0.60% tungsten. For example, with Crucible’s charpy c-notch toughness testing (not the same as our specimens), 15V (high carbide) toughness increases from 8 to 13 ft-lbs by dropping hardness from 64 to 58 Rc. And while it was discovered that these 12% Cr steels didn’t work nearly as well in high speed machining tasks, they were very good for “cold work” tools, particularly dies, because of excellent wear resistance from the many chromium carbides. It also has some pretty respectable toughness, and can take a good hard beating. To confirm that it was excess retained austenite which was leading to the high toughness, I tested samples using 2100°F and tempered at 500°F. M390 has relatively high “chromium in solution” which is the primary factor that controls corrosion resistance apart from molybdenum and nitrogen. However, tungsten is more expensive than molybdenum, you have to use twice as much tungsten to get the same effect (because tungsten is a heavier element), and tungsten does not improve hardenability like molybdenum does. The edge retention of M390 is also relatively high from its high carbide content and the 4% vanadium addition. Timken-Latrobe collaborated with SOG to test 20CV, reporting superior edge retention to S30V. The basis for designing M390 was to take K190 and modify it to have stainless levels of corrosion resistance [3]. CPM – S30V; VG-1; D2; Elmax; N690; 154CM; ATS – 34; Average Steels. Bohler-Uddeholm USA also conducted CATRA and toughness experiments to help in the marketing of their knife steels at that time. This led to reports in odd surface behavior such as low hardness readings even though the edge was fully hard. In the early 1900s, high carbon-high chromium steels were developed, and during World War I in England they were used as an alternative to high speed steels with high tungsten content. High vanadium steels were patented in the late 1930s which became steels like M4 and T15 with 4-5% vanadium. M390 exhibits excellent edge retention, corrosion resistance, and high level toughness. The higher tempering temperature was necessary to achieve a similar hardness to the original samples that were tempered at only 365°F. The steel saw little use in knives until Latrobe steel copied M390 and sold it as 20CV, which then became popular with several production knife companies. Become a patron and gain access to awesome rewards including early access to articles or a Knife Steel Nerds mug! https://www.patreon.com/Knifesteelnerds, Click to share on Twitter (Opens in new window), Click to share on Facebook (Opens in new window). The knife was originally in m390 but they switched to 204p because they were having problems getting m390. It's a close tie, but Maxamet wins in the end. SOG then released the Team Leader model in Duratech 20CV. 4 (2010): 195-200. The high chromium content in M390 means that less of the high hardness vanadium carbide is present in the steel, and the majority of carbide is the lower hardness chromium carbide. When a knife maker plans a new design, the selection of blade steel makes a critical contribution to the success or failure of the product. CTS-204P is US-made premium-grade steel (developed by Carpenter's), and an equivalent for the Bohler's M390 steel and the Crucible's 20CV steel. M390 has excellent corrosion resistance, potential hardness, and edge retention. 2010 was especially the year when M390 started to make a splash in the USA, with announced knives from Benchmade [15] and Kershaw [16], and the steel was available in full sheets from Bohler-Uddeholm USA [17][18] and in smaller sizes from Alpha Knife Supply [19]. ZDP 189; CTS – XHP; Hitachi Super Blue; Average Premium Steels. What Is Cts 204p Steel It Good For Knives Knife User . Is that because of what you said about austenitizing it at 2100°F is good but then it drops at 2150°F and that is a small window to ace every time? The Bohler and Latrobe data show a similar result for M390 edge retention while my testing was somewhat lower. For a while I had a toughness chart which showed a relatively high value of about 8-9 ft-lbs for M390 at ~62 Rc in our toughness testing which put it close to steels like S35VN which have significantly less carbide and therefore would be expected to have superior toughness. Take a look at M390 in a fixed blade, you will be suprised. Required fields are marked *. Thank you Larrin! Therefore, I did the same simple math with the Bohler-Uddeholm and Knife Steel Nerds data so that they can be easily compared. Thanks to David Jabs, Juno Yoo, Tvines, Anton Buyanovski, Daniel Tiess, James Austin, Kyle Daily, and Nathanael C for becoming Knife Steel Nerds Patreon supporters! It was found that vanadium carbides are extremely hard and therefore contribute greatly to wear resistance with high speed steels. To see if I was right, I enlisted the help of Shawn Houston to heat treat some M390 for me because I was unable to obtain liquid nitrogen because of COVID-19. 2) The specifics of heat treatment may mean that changing hardness doesn’t lead to an increase in toughness, or one which is smaller than might be hoped for. Not only great because sharpening your knife takes time, but also because it means your knife … “Use of an Iron-Base Alloy in the Manufacture of Sintered Parts With a High Corrosion Resistance, a High Wear Resistance as Well as a High Toughness and Compression Strength, Especially for Use in the Processing of Synthetic Materials.” European patent 348,380, issued November 19, 1992. Post by hunterseeker5 » Fri Jan 03, 2014 … See the S35VN heat treating and toughness testing to see of an example of why that may be the case. Hans Berns on the occasion of his 75th birthday.” HTM Journal of Heat Treatment and Materials 65, no. However, I had a suspicion that the samples were heat treated at a temperature which was too high, leading to excess “retained austenite.” Excess retained austenite drops the hardness by a small amount but lowers the “yield strength” relative to the hardness, and also can transform to brittle, untempered martensite during use. CTS – 20CP; CTS – 204P; M390; Above-Average Premium Steels. Your email address will not be published. Any differences you see between M390, 20CV, and 204P is simply the result of variance in geometry and heat treatment. In my corrosion resistance testing, M390 scored very well (I tested CTS-204P), better than S30V, S35VN, S90V, and SG2, and probably a bit better than S45VN. This can be acceptable in knives as long as they do not have thin edge geometry and knives that are not subjected to high stresses or impacts. While 3V (low carbide) increases from 40 to 85 ft-lbs by dropping hardness from 62 to 58 Rc. As mentioned previously, with M390 getting its good edge retention through high carbide volume rather than the hard vanadium carbides, ease in sharpening can be somewhat better than steels with comparable edge retention. Perhaps the Peters Heat Treat makes a difference. [6] http://www.kresslerknives.com/Messermagazin.pdf, [7] https://web.archive.org/web/20051127135836/http://www.timken.com:80/products/specialtysteel/engineering/tech_info/knifesteels.asp, [9] https://news.timken.com/2006-12-08-Timken-Completes-Sale-of-Timken-Latrobe-Steel-to-The-Watermill-Group-and-Hicks-Holdings, [10] https://web.archive.org/web/20090318072938/http://www.cartech.com:80/ssalloys.aspx, [11] https://web.archive.org/web/20090724045148/http://www.cartech.com:80/ssalloys.aspx, [12] https://web.archive.org/web/20100107063714/http://www.cartech.com:80/ssalloys.aspx, [13] https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20110620005821/en/Carpenter-Technology-Acquire-Latrobe, [14] https://www.bladeforums.com/threads/was-m390-used-in-knives-later-than-20cv.1725021/#post-19703919, [17] https://bladeforums.com/threads/m390-super-steel.704854/page-2#post-7949980, [18] https://bladeforums.com/threads/m390-super-steel.704854/page-3#post-8368188, [19] https://bladeforums.com/threads/m390-vs-zdp-189-rope-cutting-informal-testing.774510/page-9#post-8692335, [20] https://www.bohler-edelstahl.com/app/uploads/sites/92/2019/09/M398En.pdf. [3] Kulmburg, A., and B. Hribernik. You can read more about the development of high vanadium steels, M4 and T15 in this article about the metallurgist James P. Gill who developed those steels. Around 1950-1951, David Giles of Latrobe Steel patented two “cold work” high vanadium steels [1][2] which were later named A7 and D7. Latrobe was purchased by Carpenter in 2011 [13] though Carpenter continued to sell their CTS-204P. I have yet to sharpen that knife. https://knifesteelnerds.com/2020/01/13/s35vn-steel-properties-and-how-to-heat-treat/.
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